Excavations and earthwork

This part of the work will consist of the drained excavation and for the accomplishment of the foundations of the 10 villas. One excavates to a Maxima depth of 1´5 meters.

Frequent risks but:

Fall of people at different level.
Fall of people at the same level.
Fall of objects by collapse or collapse.
Fall of objects or tools in manipulation.
Fall of objects or generous tools. Footsteps on objects.
Shocks and blows against immovable objects.
Shocks and blows against movable objects of machines.
Blows and cuts by objects or tools.
Projection of fragments or particles.
Atrapamiento or crushing by or between objects.
Atrapamiento or crushing by upset of machines or vehicles.
Upsettings or shocks with or against vehicles.
Sobreesfuerzos, inadequate positions or repetitive movements.
Exhibition to chemical agents (dust)
Exhibition to physical agents (noise and vibrations)
Exhibition to biological agents: by the proximity of a fecales water collector who produces filtrations of water contaminated to the land. When making the geotécnico study has been observed the presence of a great amount of organic matter in the land coming from this collector. The accomplishment of a microbiological study of the ground has been recommended, in order to be able to know what potentially pathogenic agents are in the ground, obtaining the following qualitative results: Clostridium, Teatani varieties, Perfringens and Wellchi. Enterobacterias of the sorts Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia Colli, Proteus Mirabilis and Vulgaris. Fungi several, (leavenings) no pathogen.

Of this microbiological analysis one draws the found conclusion of the relative pathogenicity of the bacteria and fungi, since of all found only those of the Clostridium sort they esporulan and they can become resistant in the ground. Is rest of found species are dangerous if a contamination near the collector of fecales takes place, since its permanence outside reservorio adapted reduces possibilities of survival and infectividad to them. The preventive measures in this case will be antitetanic vaccination, information, correct hygiene of the hands, use of gloves and boots of work, to prohibit to eat outside the places destined for it, etc.

Preventive measures:

The maneuvers of machinery and the exit to the street of any vehicle will go by person different from the driver of the vehicle.
Before the beginning of the works the edge with the purpose of detecting possible cracks will be inspected, movements of the land, state of medianerías etc., with the purpose of anticipating possible undesirable movements. Any anomaly communicated the Overseer or the Delegate of Prevention to the Direction of Works, after coming to evacuate the edges exposed to the risk.
The made front of excavation mechanically, will not exceed in more of a meter, the peak altitude of attack of the arm of the machine.
The storing of earth or materials to less will be prohibited than two meters of the edge of the excavation to avoid overloads and possible upsets of the land.
In case of water presence in the work (high phreatic level, strong rains, floods by natural causes, etc.), it will be come immediately to his bailing, in prevention of alterations of the land that repel in the stability of the slopes, adjacent layings of foundations etc.
It will be signalized by means of lines (in plaster, lime etc.) the minimum safe distance of approach, 2 on the brink of madness drained m.s.
The coronation of slopes of the drained one to which the people must accede, will be protected by means of a railing of 90 cm. of height, formed by banister rails, intermediate strip and rodapié, located to 2 m.s like minimum of the edge of slope coronation.
It is prohibited to make any work on the foot of the unstable slopes.
They will inspect before the renewal of works interrupted by any cause good behavior of the timbering, communicating any anomaly to the Direction of Obra after to have paralyzed the subject works to the detected risk. They are had to use witnesses who indicate any movement of the land that supposes the risk of loosenings.
The entrance of the personnel other people's to the works will be prohibited that are made, as well as its proximity to the machines in movement.
It is prohibited to remain or to work on the foot of a front of excavation recently opened, before to have come to his I adjust and own stability.
The maneuvers of load to spoon of trucks, will be directed by the Overseer, Ordered or the Watchman of Security.
The circulation of vehicles will on the brink of madness be made to a maximum of approach the excavation nonsuperior to the 4 ms.
The internal belt roads will be conserved covering pockets, eliminating blandones and compacting by means of ballasts.
The wells and ditches of laying of foundations, properly will be signalized, to avoid falls of the personnel to the interior.
They are prohibited the earth storings in I circulate of 2 ms surroundings to the mouth of the well.
When the depth of the well is equal or superior to 1.50 ms, the perimeter in prevention of collapses will be propped up.
When the depth of a well is equal or superior to the 2 ms, its mouth with a solid railing by 90 cm. of height formed by banister rails, intermediate strip and rodapié will be surrounded, located to a minimum range of 2 m.s of the edge of the well.
When the depth of the well is inferior to the 2 m.s, its mouth by means of signaling will be surrounded by tape of banderoles, located surroundings to the well on right feet, forming a circumference of equal diameter to the one of the well more 2 ms.
When discovering any type of underground conduction, the works became paralyzed warning the Direction of Obra.
Correct maintenance of the cabins of the vehicles of excavation to avoid the dust entrance in the cabins.

Recommendations for the reduction of risks:

Preparation of the lot: To organize the crossing sites of vehicles of pedestrians, trying to let a free safety lane of transit around the zone to excavate.
To install security and traffic signals that the invasion of the peatonales zones on the part of the machinery avoids as far as possible.
To maintain clean and ordered, trying to store the materials suitably, and if possible it is moved away of the zone of excavation.
It is recommended to avoid the mires as far as possible, in accident prevention.
To make approach ramp for vehicles: One facilitates the access and work of the machinery, diminishing the upset possibility.
Machinery in good state: To make scheduled inspections of the machinery: conditions of the cabin, system antiupset, acoustic and luminous signals, etc.
To make propped up slope or: As general norm we can establish, the timbering of the slopes that fulfill anyone of the following conditions:

Slope Type of land
1/1 yielding grounds, desmoronables
1/2 soft but resistant lands
1/3 very compact lands

To leave a zone of security around the perimeter:
One is to prevent the accumulation of materials in the edge of the slope. This way falls of objects are avoided and diminishes the tension transmitted to the land in a so particular zone.
To use machinery with systems of acoustic and visual warning.
Correct disposition of the rubbish load on the truck, not loading it more of the admitted thing.
To generalize the use of gloves, helmet, fluorescent peto and boots of security.
In this special case, it is possible to be watered slightly to the land in traffic zones and excavation in order to avoid the formation of aerosols and dust clouds that can contain microorganisms in suspension coming from the collector before seen. If the land is not watered, is recommendable that the workers use masks antidust of the Ff-pß type.

Collective protections:

Signals of traffic.
Correct signaling of security and health.
Arrangement of machinery and trucks.
Irrigation of zones of work of machines (without encharcar)

Individual protective equipment:

Generals:
Helmet of security.
Leather gloves.
Mask antidust Ff-pß class, since it has been seen before.
Glasses anti-impact and antidust (polycarbonate glasses with indirect ventilation) fluorescent Peto of high visibility.
Boots of security with toe and steel group.
Monkey of work, impermeable wetsuits and boots.

Specific:
Auditory protectors. For practical reasons and, since the noise takes place to the air
it frees, with a level that oscillates between the 70  80 dB provide corks
moldeables with clamp of subjection (at the end of the work the methodology will be detailed
followed to value this and other hygienic risks)
Lap belt that uses machinery.