Study of hygienic risks in construction

The sector of the construction is one of most complex within the world of the work. The reasons are numerous:
- In construction sites a great amount of offices, professions and activities, often independent occur to appointment and without no class of relation at enterprise level.
- There are many nonqualified workers making tasks in surroundings more and more complex and falsified. Sometimes the rate of learning of a person cannot reach the rate that imposes the progress.
- a deep ignorance exists Generally towards the labor risks that watch in the edges within a work, or these risks are known but they are disdainful and it reduces importance, fact to them that cause that is ended up declaring and produced accidents.
- It is a sector where the subhiring of tasks and phases of the work is apabullante. This produces a situation of descoordinación between the different companies, dilution of the control, indifference and ignorance towards other companies, situations all these that favor the appearance of accidents. To this situation it was wanted to him to put brake with the designation of a coordinator of Security and Health, although not always this measurement has all the effectiveness that would be desirable.
- In the construction a great amount of raw materials, material, machinery and other elements are used that by a side cause that the works are faster and of greater quality, but by another one they cause the appearance of new risks or make worse the exhibition to the already existing ones.
The construction is an activity that supposes the exhibition to a great amount of risks, some of serious them. In order to try to reduce the high sinisterness, as much at level of mortality and morbidity, as well as to improve the conditions of security and hygiene, RD 1627/97 of 24 of October was promulgated, on the minimum dispositions in the matter of security and health in construction sites, with the hope of
to obtain it. This RD derives from law 31/95 of prevention of labor risks.

The problem of the application of this RD resides in which it centers the prevention of labor risks within the work in the figure of the coordinator of Security and Health. This, in my opinion, is craso error, when occurring the circumstance that coordinating of security and health it can be any competent technician and with prevention knowledge that sometimes are not the extensive thing that would be possible to wish. This technician
competent he must be architect, technical, engineer architect or engineer technician, according to consists in Law 38/1999 of 5 of November of arrangement of the construction, in his additional disposition fourth, in which the formation in security and health is not specified nor becomes obligatory, which supposes one so formación very concise for a sector generoso in risks.
Often it is incurred the error to exclusively center the activities of coordination of security and unique health and the referring risks to the security. This situation is very dangerous since it is evident that the security risks, considering the necessary time for their materialization, are first that must be evaluated, but for that reason they do not have to be the unique ones and often they are it. The reason of
this is that it little turns out feasible to analyze a process that is going away to develop in the work only two days, as for example the isolation of the interior of a villa with foam of polyurethane, and which finalized the same one finished the exhibition to the risk in that work. For that reason, for the promoter, to spend the money in analyzing the atmosphere to quantify the exhibition of the workers of a company that is subcontracted, seems logical little.
Often the security coordinator is simplemente a company/signature in a study of security and health, since actually the safety measures forget elementary and health or is not guarded suitably by its fulfillment. This happens because the coordinator of security and health is integrated in the facultative direction of the work, to which he interests to him that the same one runs within the terms and established budgets, arising sometimes conflicts between prevention and production. They are not
few the companies that have suffered serious accidents and instead of raising prevention measures have contracted another person in the place of the victim, have paid their fine and have continued working in the same conditions.
Another great problem that presents/displays construction sites is the one of the variability of the works, since according to they are executed the different phases from the work, leave and they enter new companies, with its new workers, new materials, new machines, and new risks. This is very difficult to control by a single person, especially if besides to be in charge of the coordination to security and health it must do it of the production.
In construction sites a exhibition to a series of risks related to the industrial hygiene is generated, due to the high number of used tasks, processes, substances, materials and machines. Nevertheless, it is paradoxical that stops so high number of risks take a number of measures that can be described as minimum, perhaps by ignorance and lack of perception of these risks by the senses.
The great hygienic problem that takes place in the construction is that the hygienic risks by exhibition to chemical polluting agents, cold, heat, noise, solar radiation, biological agents forget, etc, as well as the ergonomic and psycho-social risks like the work by piece, physical fatigue, instability and labor precariedad, perception of security, etc.
In this work the organization of the Service of Prevention of the company of construction in which is exposed development my activity like Person in charge of Prevention in the specialties of Ergonomics, the hygienic Security and Hygiene, as well as risks that we were in our works. By reasons for privacy, the data of this company have been modified.